C and N cycling and sequestration in pastoral ecosystems; Risks and Opportunities of new organism / traits – impacts and assessment; Assessment, development and mechanism of High Sugar Grass, and of altered plant growth strategy (eg trait for increased growth at low nitrogen through DELLA/GA interacton).Grass/endophyte association; Plant/soil/animal interactions and complex dynamics, Optimal foraging and stability; Intake behaviour, preference, diet selection; Origin and consequences of heterogeneity.