Concerned with the chemistry of soil reactions (soil chemistry). My research group and I study the reaction (kinetics) rates of metals (e.g., chromium, lead, nickel) and organics (industrial chemicals and pesticides) with soils, clay minerals, iron, aluminum, and manganese oxides, and humic substances. Our research is also heavily concerned with the use of surface microscopic and spectroscopic techniques to elucidate mechanisms of metal and organic retention and release on oxide and clay surfaces.